大家好，今天开始，给大家解析剑15各个练习的P2
P2的文字难度相比P1有小幅的增加，虽然文章难度并未大幅提高，但是因为段落配对题的引入，大量的学生会在P2翻车，因此，掌握P2的解题顺序和题型技巧至关重要。
整体分析
| 标题 | Driverless cars |
| 题型 | 段落信息配对（14-18）、摘要填空题（19-22）、多选题（23-26）、 |
| 难度 | ★★☆☆☆ |
段落分析
Passage 2 大多会出现段落信息配对或段落小标题配对题，这两种题型对很多同学都是噩梦般的存在。事实上，雅思对3篇文章的考察侧重点还是很清晰的，P1更侧重考察扫读能力，P2则侧重于段落略读能力，P3则是考察复杂文字内的信息筛选能力。熟悉了上述三个能力考察点后，大家在应对不同类型的文章的时候就能胸有成竹了。
在这篇文章中，三种题型交叉出现，最佳的做题顺序是采用平行解题，逐段清空的技巧。
|
段落信息配对 |
摘要填空题 |
多选题 |
|
| 第一段 |
/ |
/ |
/ |
| 第二段 |
15 |
19 |
23，24 |
| 第三段 |
14 |
20 |
/ |
| 第四段 |
18 |
21，22 |
/ |
| 第五段 |
16 |
/ |
/ |
| 第六段 |
/ |
/ |
25，26 |
| 第七段 |
17 |
/ |
/ |
题目详解
Question 14（段落信息配对）
| 关键词 | reference to the amount of time when a car is not in use |
| 原文出处 | At present, the average car spends more than 90 percent of its life parked. |
| 同义替换 |
the amount of time = 90 percent of its life not in use = parked |
| 此题重点 |
答案：C 段落信息配对的一大技巧是对题干的定位词做出具体的预测。 从amount of time能知道原文和时间段有关，not in use则等于parked，停放着的。 |
Question 15（段落信息配对）
| 关键词 | mention of several advantages of driverless vehicles for individual road-users |
| 原文出处 | Another aim is to free the time people spend driving for other purposes. / If the vehicle can do the driving, those who are challenged by existing mobility models – such as older or disabled travellers – may be able to enjoy significantly greater travel autonomy. |
| 同义替换 |
several advantages = free the time people spend driving / be able to enjoy significantly greater travel autonomy. individual road users = people / those who / older or disabled travellers |
| 此题重点 |
答案：B 此题通过advantages / road-users复数信息对应到原文B段的后半部分 标记出题干中的复数名词是段落信息配对的重要技巧 |
Question 16（段落信息配对）
| 关键词 | reference to the opportunity of choosing the most appropriate vehicle for each trip |
| 原文出处 | drivers will have the freedom to select one that best suits their needs for a particular journey… |
| 同义替换 |
most appropriate = best suits each trip = a particular journey |
| 此题重点 |
答案：E 此题较简单，题干中的最高级most appropriate （最合适的），可以轻松的定位到原文中的best suits their needs （最适合他们的需求） |
Question 17（段落信息配对）
| 关键词 | an estimate of how long it will take to overcome a number of problems |
| 原文出处 | It’s clear that there are many challenges that need to be addressed but, through robust and targeted research, these can most probably be conquered within the next 10 years. |
| 同义替换 |
how long = within the next 10 years overcome = conquer problems = challenges |
| 此题重点 |
答案：G 此题较简单，题干中的how long 可以作为时间性的定位词找到原文G段的10 years，再通过challenges（挑战）和problems（问题）等替换词确定答案。 |
Question 18（段落信息配对）
| 关键词 | a suggestion that the use of driverless cars may have no effect on the number of vehicles manufactured |
| 原文出处 | As a consequence, each vehicle would be used more intensively, and might need replacing sooner. This faster rate of turnover may mean that vehicle production will not necessarily decrease. |
| 同义替换 |
no effect on = will not necessarily decrease manufacture = production |
| 此题重点 |
答案：D 题干中的定位词意思是对制造的车辆数量没有影响，原文的替换处的意思是车辆的生产并不会减少 |
Question 19（摘要填空题）
| 关键词 | Figures from the Transport Research Laboratory indicate that the most motor accidents are partly due to __n.____ |
| 原文出处 | research at the UK’s Transport Research Laboratory has demonstrated that more than 90 percent of road collisions involve human error as a contributory factor, … |
| 同义替换 |
indicate = demonstrate motor accidents = road collisions most = 90 percent |
| 答案 |
human error 题干的定位词很好定位，通过空格之前的partly due to （一部分是因为）确定出原文出题点为involve human error as a contributory factor （涉及到人为错误这个因素） |
Question 20（摘要填空题）
| 关键词 | In addition to the direct benefits of automation, it may bring other advantages. For example, schemes for ___n.____ will be more workable, especially in towns and cities, resulting in fewer cars on the road. |
| 原文出处 | Automation means that initiatives for car-sharing become much more viable, particularly in urban areas with significant travel demand… |
| 同义替换 |
schemes = initiatives more workable = more viable towns and cities = urban areas |
| 答案 | car-sharing |
Question 21（摘要填空题）
| 关键词 | According to the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, there could be a 43 percent drop in __n.____ of cars. |
| 原文出处 | Modelling work by the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute suggests automated vehicles might reduce vehicle ownership by 43 percent |
| 同义替换 |
drop = reduce cars = vehicle |
| 答案 | ownership |
Question 22（摘要填空题）
| 关键词 | However, this would mean that the yearly __n.___ of each car would, on average, be twice as high as it currently is. |
| 原文出处 | …but that vehicles’ average annual mileage would double as a result. |
| 同义替换 |
yearly = annual twice = double |
| 答案 | mileage |
Question 23-24（多选题）
| 关键词 | Which TWO benefits of automated vehicles does the writer mention? |
| 原文出处 | Another aim is to free the time people spend driving for other purposes. / If the vehicle can do the driving, those who are challenged by existing mobility models – such as older or disabled travellers – may be able to enjoy significantly greater travel autonomy. |
| 同义替换 |
C选项 doing something other than driving = free the time people spending driving for other purposes. D选项 people who find driving physically difficult = those who are challenged by existing mobility models – such as older or disabled travellers travel independently = enjoy significantly greater travel autonomy |
| 此题重点 |
答案：C、D 此题题干问的是自动化汽车的2个好处，可以由此定位到B段 C段开头句Beyond these direct benefits 意思是说除了这些直接的好处之外，通过这一句话，也可以间接找到B段应该是详细描述benefits的段落。 |
Question 25-26（多选题）
| 关键词 | Which TWO challenges to automated vehicles development does the writer mention? |
| 原文出处 | There are a number of hurdles to overcome in delivering automated vehicles to our roads. These include the technical difficulties in ensuring that the vehicle works reliably in the infinite range of traffic, weather and road situations it might encounter …… and the societal changes that may be required for communities to trust and accept automated vehicles as being a valuable part of the mobility landscape. |
| 同义替换 |
A选项 general public = communities has confidence = to trust and accept E选项 to adapt to various different driving conditions = insuring that the vehicle works reliably in the infinite range of traffic, weather and road situations |
| 此题重点 |
答案：A、E 此题题干问的是自动化汽车发展面临的2个挑战，因此可以通过challenge = hurdles的同义替换，定位到F段。 |
